Historical Background
The Tengger Tribe is an indigenous community residing in the Bromo-Tengger-Semeru National Park in East Java, Indonesia. Their origins trace back to the Majapahit Kingdom (1293–1500), with legends such as that of Rara Anteng and Jaka Seger symbolizing their establishment in the region. Over centuries, they have preserved their Hindu-Buddhist traditions amidst the predominantly Muslim population of Java.
Lifestyle and Livelihood
The Tenggerese are primarily agrarian, cultivating crops like rice, corn, potatoes, and tobacco on the fertile volcanic soils. They also engage in livestock farming, raising cattle and goats. Their daily lives are deeply intertwined with the natural rhythms of the Bromo highlands, reflecting a harmonious coexistence with their environment.
Challenges: Past and Present
Historically, the Tenggerese faced isolation due to their remote mountainous location, which preserved their unique culture but also limited external interactions. In contemporary times, they encounter challenges such as environmental degradation, tourism pressures, and the erosion of traditional practices. The eruption of Mount Semeru in 2021 further highlighted the vulnerability of their settlements.
Experiencing Tengger Culture
Engaging with the Tenggerese offers a profound insight into a culture that has remained resilient over centuries. Visitors can participate in traditional ceremonies, such as the Yadnya Kasada festival, where offerings are made to the gods at the Bromo crater. Experiencing their hospitality, tasting local cuisine, and witnessing their daily rituals provide a rich cultural tapestry.
Ethos and Worldview
Central to Tenggerese philosophy is a deep respect for nature and the divine. Their Hindu-Buddhist beliefs emphasize harmony with the environment, reverence for ancestors, and communal unity. This worldview manifests in their sustainable agricultural practices, communal decision-making, and the preservation of sacred sites.
Connecting with the Tenggerese
To connect with the Tenggerese, one can visit the Tenggerese villages around the Bromo-Tengger-Semeru National Park. Engaging with local guides, participating in community-based tourism initiatives, and respecting their customs and traditions are essential. Staying in homestays or local accommodations allows for immersive experiences and fosters mutual understanding.
In essence, the Tengger Tribe embodies a unique cultural heritage that offers invaluable lessons in resilience, sustainability, and the intrinsic bond between humans and nature. Their enduring connection to the Bromo highlands serves as a poignant reminder of the importance of preserving indigenous cultures and the environments they protect.
By : Irwan Sumadiyo